PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES
According to APA , any assessment procedure that consist of a series of a series of relatively ambiguous stimulus designed to elicit unique, sometimes highlt idiosyncratic responses that reflects the personality, cognitive style and other psychological characteristics of the respondent. This is also known as the subjective test.
Classification of Projective Techniques:
Projective techniques are mainly divided into five groups (Linzey, 1959)
1. Associative technique: In which a particular stimulus is used to elict the first thing that occurs in the subject’s mind.
2. Completion techniques: A form of projective technique where participants are asked to complete an incomplete situation.
3. Constructive techniques: Test construction strategies are the various ways that items in a psychological measure are created and decided upon. They are most often associated with personality tests, but can also be applied to other psychological constructs such as mood or psychopathology
4. Choice/ordering techniques: choice/ ordering technique in which the subject is required to choose from group, orto order a group (of pictures, sentences etc.)
5. Expressive techniques: expressive techniques in which the subject is required to organize a particular stimulus into a self-expressive process, such as role playing, psychodrama, dance etc.
Some Projective techniques:
There are various types of projective tests which are
carried out on the individuals depending upon the needs of the person.
1. Rorschach test:
Research tests are a
psychological test in which feedback about subjects' inkblots is recorded and
then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both.
Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality traits and
emotional functioning.
2. Thematic apperception test
Thematic apperception test is a
kind of projective test that involves explaining ambiguous scenes. Respondents are given time to analyze the scenes and
understand different aspects of the images or scene to describe. It was developed by psychologist Henry A.
Murray and Christina de Morgan in the 1930s. This test is one of the most
widely used psychological tests today.
3. Sentence completion test:
Sentence Completion Test by it
name explains that participant has to complete an incomplete sentence by specific
word or phrase. Test is commonly used to evaluate personality. The participant
is presented with an introductory phrase that he or she can answer in any way.
4. The House-Tree-Person Test:
The House Tree Person Test (HTP) is a
projective test designed to measure aspects of a person's personality. This
test can also be used to assess brain damage and general mental functioning. Test
is a diagnostic tool for clinical psychologists, teachers and employers. This
test was developed by John Buck
Advantages of Projective Tests:
1. If the tests are organized, it is easy for
the respondents to declare their personality.
2. It is assumed
that the projection is higher than the stimulus, which is closer to that of the
respondents.
3. Each and every response given by the respondent to
experimentor explains the benefits of personality
4. Another assumption is that there is an unconscious mind in
every person that is uncovered by projective tests.
Disadvantages of Projective Tests:
1. It needs highly qualified and experienced professionals
to conduct and interpret the tests.
2. Risk of interpretation bias of the test taker
3. It is expensive
sometimes and requires more time
4. Unstructured techniques
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